牛津译林版英语八年级下册 Unit 1 语法、词汇、句型知识点总结（详细版） 8B Unit 1 Past and present Comic strip & Welcome to the unit 1.I've just eaten it.我刚才把它吃了。 just 此处用作副词，意为“刚刚，刚才”，通常与现在完成时连用。 Mr Wang has just left our classroom.王老师刚刚离开我们的教室。 I've just heard the news.我刚听到这个消息。拓展： ①just 副词，还可意为“正好，恰好；仅仅，只是”，起加强语气的作用。 This jacket is just my size.这件夹克衫正合我的尺码。 That's just what he wanted.那正是他所要的。 He is just a child.他仅仅是一个孩子。 I just want to talk to you.我只是想和你谈谈。 ②just now意为“刚才，刚刚”，相当于a moment ago，常用于句末，用于一般过去时态的句子中。 I met one of my friends in the street just now.我刚才在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。 ③just then 意为“就在那时”。 Just then, someone knocked at the front door.就在那时，有人敲了敲前门。 2.Why?为什么? 这是一个省略问句，其完整形式是“Why did you eat my food?”。why引导的特殊疑问句用来询间原因，通常用because（因为）引导的句子来回答。 —Why didn't you come to the meeting yesterday?你昨天为什么没来参加会议? —Because I had a bad cold.因为我患了重感冒。 3.You've changed，Eddie.埃迪，你变了。 change 此处用作不及物动词，意为“变化”。change into 意为“变成”。 In England,the weather changes very often.在英格兰，天气时常变化。 The loud noise changed into a low hum.大的噪音变成了低沉的嗡嗡声。拓展： ①change还可用作及物动词，意为“交换；改变；换乘”。 Can I change seats with you?我可以和你换一下座位吗? At last，he changed his mind.最后，他改变了主意。 I stopped in Moscow only to change planes.我为了转机才在莫斯科停留的。 ②change 还可用作可数或不可数名词，意为“改变，变化，转变”；用作不可数名词时，还可意为“零钱”。 Great changes have taken place in this city since 1984. 自从 1984年以来，这个城市已发生了很大的变化。 I have no change with me.我没带零钱。 4.You used to share food with me! 你过去常常与我分享食物! （1）used to 意为“曾经，过去常常”，暗含“现在不再”之意，后接动词原形。 My elder sister used to be very shy.我姐姐过去很害羞。 I used to read English in the evening,but now I usually read it in the morning. 我过去常常在晚上读英语，但我现在通常在早上读。拓展： ①used to结构在变为否定形式时有两种变法：一是在 used后面加 not，即used not to do sth.;二是在 used 前面加 didn't，并将used 改为动词原形use，即didn't use to do sth.。在口语中常用后一种形式。 My sister didn't use to have short hair.(=My sister used not to have short hair.）我姐姐以前不留短发。 ②used to结构在变为一般疑问句时也有两种形式：一是将 used 提到主语前，即“Used+主语+to do sth.?”，二是在主语前加助动词did，并将used改为动词原形use，即“Did+主语+use to do sth.?”，在口语中常用后一种形式。 Did you use to go to the movies?(=Used you to go to the movies?）你过去常常去看电影吗? ③含有used to 结构的句子在变为反意疑问句时，构成肯定的疑问可用did或used，构成否定的疑问可用 didn't或usedn't。 —The mother used to be angry with her children，didn't she? 这位母亲过去经常生孩子们的气，是吗? —Yes，he did./she didn't，是的，她经常生孩子们的气。/不，她不经常生孩子们的气。（2）share及物动词，意为“共用，分享”。share. with sb.意为“与某人分享/共用……”。 Mary and I share a room.我和玛丽合住一个房间。 She shares her lunch with her friend.她与她的朋友分享她的午饭。拓展：share 还可用作名词，意为“一份，份额”。 Here is your share of the cake.这是你的一份蛋糕。 5.You used to be so kind to me. 你过去对我那么好。（1）so 副词，意为“如此；那么；那样”，修饰形容词或副词，表示程度。so tat…为固定句式，意为“如此……以至于……”。 My father walks so quickly.我父亲走得如此快。 The boy is so strong that he can lift the heavy box. 这个男孩如此强壮，他能提起那个重箱子。 kind 此处用作形容词，意为“友好的；亲切的”。 be kind to 意为“对……友好”。 His father is kind. 他父亲和蔼可亲。 We should be kind to others.我们应当友好对待他人。拓展：kind 还常作可数名词，意为“种类”。 There are many different kinds of flowers in the garden.花园里有许多不同种类的花。一言辨异 We should be kind to all kinds of animals.我们应该善待各种动物。 6.I used to go to school by bike.我过去骑自行车去上学。 by bike 介词短语，意为“骑自行车”，常在句中作方式状语，可换成on my bike。 Do you go to school by bike or on foot?你是骑自行车还是步行去上学? 拓展：交通方式常用的表达方法： ①by+表示交通工具的名词，表示泛指乘某种交通工具，在句中作状语。 by sea/water/ship乘船/由水路 by air/plane乘飞机 by underground/land/train/bus乘地铁/经陆路/乘火车/乘公共汽车 ②in/on+冠词/形容词性物主代词+表示工具的名词，在句中作状语。 He often goes to school in his father's car on Tuesday. 在周二他常坐他父亲的车去上学。 My teacher likes to travel on a plane.=My teacher likes to travel by plane. 我的老师喜欢坐飞机旅行。 ③ take+a/the+表示交通工具的名词，在句中作谓语。 He takes the train to Nanjing every year.他每年都乘火车去南京。 I usually take the subway to go home.我通常乘地铁回家。 ④ on foot“步行”，是介词短语，在句中作状语。 My dad goes to work on foot every day.=My dad walks to work every day. 我爸爸每天步行去上班。 7.Well,there were always too many people on the bus...嗯，那时在公共汽车上总是有太多人…… too many 意为“太多”，修饰可数名词复数。 There are too many books in the box.这个箱子里有太多的书。辨析：too many，too much 与 much too too many：意为“太多的”，中心词是many，其后接可数名词复数。 too much：意为“太多的”，中心词是much，其后接不可数名词。 much too：意为“太……”，中心词是too，其后接形容词或副词。 There are too many students in the playground.操场上有太多的学生。 There is too much food in the fridge.冰箱里有太多的食物。 These watches are much too dear. 这些手表太贵了。 8....and it took a long time to wait for the next one..而且等下一班公共汽车要用很长时间（1）这是一个It takes/took (sb.) some time to do sth. 句型，意为“做某事花费（某人）多长时间”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。 It takes about ten minutes to get to school by bus from the bus stop. 从公共汽车站乘车到学校大约需要10分钟。 It took me one hour to do my homework last night.昨天晚上做作业花了我一个小时。（2）one 此处用作代词，泛指上文提到的同类中的一个，指代单数。 This coat is too small. Do you have a bigger one? 这件外套太小了，你有大一点儿的吗? 拓展： ①one还可用作数词，意为“一”，表示数量。 I have only one apple.我只有一个苹果。 ②ones作代词，泛指上文提到的同类中的一些，指代复数。 I don't like the coloured envelopes .I like the white ones.我不喜欢彩色信封，我喜欢白色的。辨析： one 与it one：泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个。 I lost my pen. I must buy one.我丢了我的钢笔，我必须买一支。 it：特指上文提到的同一事物。 The coat is hers. It’s very beautiful.这件外套是她的，它非常漂亮。 Reading 1.I've lived here since I was born.我自出生以来就一直住在这里。 since 此处用作连词，意为“自……以来”，引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。 Tom has been in this room since he came here half an hour ago. 汤姆自从半小时前到这儿以来一直在这个房间。拓展： ① since 也可用作介词，意为“自……以来”，后接表示过去的时间点。since then 意为“从那时起”。 We've known about it since May.我们从5月份起就知道这件事了。 We haven't seen each other since then.从那以后我们没有见过面。 ②since 用作连词时，还可意为“既然，因为”，引导原因状语从句，语气比because弱。 Since the rain has stopped,let's go for a walk.既然雨停了，我们出去散散步吧。 Since we are young,we shouldn't be afraid of making mistakes. 既然我们还年轻，就不应该害怕犯错误。注意：如果说明某一动作或状态持续了多长时间，用“for + 一段时间”。 We have stayed in Shanghai for 3 days.我们在上海已待了3天。 2.Have you ever moved house?你曾搬过家吗? （1）ever副词，意为“曾经”。常位于助动词之后，实义动词之前。 I hardly ever see him nowadays.我现在几乎见不到他。 —Have you ever thought of changing your job?你想过换一份工作吗? —No，never.没有，从未想过。拓展： ①ever副词，还可意为“从来，在任何时候”，通常用于否定句和疑问句。 Nothing ever happens in this village.这个村子里从来没有发生过任何事情。 ②ever副词，还可意为“以前，以往任何时候”，通常与比较级连用，置于 than 之后。 She hated him more than ever,when she got his letter.她收到他的信时，就比以前更恨他了。（2）move 此处用作及物动词，意为“移动，搬动移，搬家”。 He moved the sofa to the left.他把沙发移到了左边。 He moved his computer to a smaller house.他把他的电脑搬到一所小一些的房子里去了。拓展：move还可用作不及物动词，意为“移动，离开；迁居，搬家”。 He was too tired to move any further.他累得一点儿也走不动了。 They moved to Shanghai last year.去年他们搬到了上海。 3.I first lived in the northern part of town with my parents.我最初和我的父母一起住在城镇的北部。（1）live此处用作不及物动词，意为“居住”。若表示“住在某地”通常与介词in连用，后接表示地点的名词。 —Where do you live?你住在哪里? —I live in Shanghai.我住在上海。拓展：live作不及物动词时，还可意为“生活，生存，活着”，这时live后面通常没有地点状语。 We eat to live,but do not live to eat.我们吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。 It is hard for a man to live to 150 years old.一个人很难活到150 岁。（2）in the northern part of意为“在……的北部”，相当于in the north of。northern形容词，意为“北方的，北部的”，其名词形式为north，意为“北方；北部”。 He is used to living in the northern part of China.他习惯于住在中国北方。拓展：在方位名词后加-ern可构成表示方位的形容词： east（n.东方）+ -ern→eastern（ad.东方的） west（n.西方）+-ern→ western（adj.西方的） south（n.南方）+-ern→ souther（adj.南方的） north（n.北方）+ern→northern（adj.北方的）（3）在英语中表示两地的位置关系时，若 A地在 B地范围之内，用介词 in；若A地与B地接壤，用介词 on；若A地与B地之间有距离间隔，则用介词 to。 Shandong is in the east of China.山东在中国的东部。 Shandong is on the east ofHenan.山东在河南的东面。 Shandong is to the east of Shanxi.山东在山西的东面。 4.When I got married in 1965,my wife and I moved two blocks away and we've lived in this area since then.当我1965 年结婚时，我和我妻子搬到了两个街区以外，此后我们一直住在这里。（1）get married 意为“结婚”。get/be married意为“与某人结婚”。married形容词，意为“已婚的，结婚的”。 My parents got married in 1995.我父母1995年结的婚。 When did she get married to the man?她什么时候与那个男人结的婚? 拓展： ①get married 表示动作，be married表示状态。当表示某人结婚多久时，不能用 get married，而要用 be married。 —When did you get married?你什么时候结的婚?—Two years ago.两年前。 —How long have you been married?你结婚多久了? —For two years. 两年了。 ② marry 可作及物动词，其后跟人作宾语，意为“嫁；娶；同……结婚，把……嫁给……”。marry sb. to sb.“把某人嫁给某人；使某人娶某人”。 She married a rich man.她嫁给了一个有钱人。 The old man married her daughter to a foreigner.那位老人把女儿嫁给了一个外国人。 ③marry 也可作不及物动词，意为“结婚”。 He never married. 他终身未娶。（2）away 副词，意为“远离，离开”。 My birthday is two days away.离我的生日还有两天。 Tom's father is away from home.汤姆的父亲离家在外。拓展： away 构成的短语： put away 放好，把……收拾起来 take away 拿走，带走 throw away 扔掉 run away 逃走 pass away 去世 5.Has the town changed a lot over the years? 近几年间这个城镇变化大吗? （1）a lot 此处用作副词短语，意为“很，非常”，常修饰动词、感叹词或形容词/副词的比较级等，在句中作程度状语。 It usually rains a lot in this area.这个地区经常下很多雨。（修饰动词 rains） Thanks a lot for the coffee.=Thank you very much for the coffee. 多谢你请我喝咖啡。（修饰感叹词 thanks) Your room is a lot bigger than mine.你的房间比我的大得多。（修饰比较级 bigger） He runs a lot faster.他跑得快多了。（修饰比较级 faster）拓展： ①a lot意为“许多，大量”，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，其后可有动词不定式短语作后置定语。 Sometimes we have very little snow,but sometimes there's a lot. 有时我们这儿雪很少，有时却又很多。（作主语） You know a lot about English names. 你知道许多有关英文名的情况。（作宾语） That's a lot.那真多。（作表语） ②a lot of = lots of，意为“许多的，大量的”，都可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。 There is a lot of/lots of water in the river.河里有很多水。（2）over the years意为“在这几年间”，over此处用作介词，意为“在……期间”。 He has grown into a big boy over the years.几年间他已经长成了一个大男孩。 We are away over the New Year.新年期间我们不在。 6.Now the government has turned part of the a anew park. 现在政府已把城镇中心的一部分改建成了一个新公园。 turn...into...意为“把……变成……”。此处turn为及物动词，意为“使改变”。 turn waste lands into rice fields 变荒地为稻田 They plan to turn the place into a modern hospital. 他们计划把这个地方变成一所现代化的医院。拓展： ①turn into 意为“变成，成为，转变成……”，此处 turn 为不及物动词。 Her son has turned into a college student.她的儿子已经成了一名大学生。 ②turn 可作连系动词，意为“变得”。 Leaves turn yellow when autumn comes.到了秋天，树叶变成黄色。 The weather has turned cold and windy.天气变得寒冷多风。 ③ turn 还可作可数名词，意为“轮流，依次”。 It's your turn to clean the classroom.轮到你打扫教室了。 The teacher asks the students to take turns to answer the questions. 老师叫学生们依次回答问题。 7.Was pollution a problem then?那时污染是一个问题吗？（1）pollution不可数名词，意为“污染”。常见的短语有：water pollution水污染noise pollution噪音污染 air pollution空气污染light pollution光污染

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八年级英语下册8BUnit1-2重点词组句型及语法复习提纲牛津译林版

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译林版英语八年级下册词汇表.

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牛津译林版英语八年级下册 Unit 1 语法、词汇、句型知识点总结（详细版）

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