高中英语必修一、二单元知识点总结及答案
定义:1.直接引语:直接引述别人的原话2.间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话 直接引语变间接引语时要注意一下一个方面1.间接引语的引导词的使用规则句子类型引导词陈述句that(口语中常省略)一般疑问句if /whether 特殊疑问句保留原有的疑问词2.陈述语序的使用(1)陈述句:变间接引语时语序不变(2)一般疑问句:变间接引语时应首先在主句的谓语动词后加if/whether.再把语序变陈述语序(3)特殊疑问句:仍保持原有的疑问词,但语序变成陈述语序eg.He asked ,”Are you going home this weekend He asked if/whether I was going home this weekend.“What do you want,Sara? 直接引语为祈使句,变成间接引语时,常构成简单句型,可以按下列结构进行变化1.当祈使句表示要求和命令时,变间接引语常采用tell/command/order sb to do sth的形式eg.”Hurry up.“He said.?He told me to hurry up.2.当祈使句表示请求时,变间接引语常采用ask/request/beg sb to do sth的形式eg.He said,”Please dont be late He asked me not to be late. 句型变化注意事项1.直接引语中的呼语是祈使的对象,改为间接引语时常做引述动词的宾语.如原句中没有呼语,通常要加上宾语me,him,us等eg.He said,”Go and tell her,Jim.”He asked Jim to go and tell her.?2.直接引语中如果有客气的please或表示强调的助动词do,改为间接引语时必须去掉eg.He said to me,”Sit down,please He asked me to sit down.Unit 3 将来时1.be+v-ing 表将来时,当句子涉及确切的计划,明确的意图和为将来安排好的活动时,可用进行时表将来时。如: 关系代词的具体应用1.that 既可以指物也可以指人,在宾语从句可以作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略,但不能直接街在介词后Eg.The girl(that)we saw yesterday was Jims sister.(that做宾语成分可以省略)2.which 用于指物,在从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时可省略,但直接接在介词后时不能省略。Eg.Here is the book(which/that)you are looking for.(which 做宾语成分可以省略)3.who 用于指人,可以做主语或宾语,做宾语时可以省略,但直接接在介词后时需用whom,且不能省略。Eg.The man 只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时Eg.Well never forget the first lesson(that)our Englisn teacher gave us.2.先行词被the only,the same,the last,the very等修饰时Eg.This is the only book(that)I have.3.当先行词被不定代词all,little,few,much,anything,nothing,everything等修饰时Eg.Youll miss everything(that)you have kost. 只能用which引导定语从句的情况1.当关系代词前有介词时Eg.The pen with which she is writing is mine.2.引导非限制性定语从句时Eg.Football,which is a very interesting game is played all over the world.Unit 5 定语从句(?) 关系副词的具体应用1.when 表示时间,在定语从句中作状语,其先行词往往是表示时间的名词,如:time,day,hour,year等Eg.I still remember the day when I first met him.2.where 表示地点,在定语从句中作状语,其先行词往往是表示地点的名词,如:factory,place,house,village等Eg.This is a house where I lived.3.why 表示原因,在定语从句中作状语,其先行词一般是reason.Eg.I dont the reason why he looks unhappy today. when,where和why与“介词+关系代词”的具体替换形式1.when 相当于“at/in/on/during等+which”Eg.I will never forget the day.I met him on that day.?I will never forget the day when/on which I met him.2.where 相当于“at/in/in等+which”Eg.This is the house.We used to live in this house.?This is a house where/in whichI lived.3.why 相当于“for+which”Eg. 定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择1.明确关系代词、关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用(关系代词which,that,who在定语从句中作主语,或在及物动词或介词后作宾语。关系副词when,where,why在定语从句中作状语,及定语从句中不缺主语或宾语只缺少表示时间、地点或原因的状语。)2.分析句子结构,明确句法成分。(关系词在从句中作宾语还是状语关键取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。 必修二Unit 1 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句