2023 全国 硕士 入学 考试 英语 ( 二 ) 试题 和 原则 答案 Section I Use of EnglishDirections ： Read the following text . Choose the best word ( s ) for each numbered black and mark A , B , C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 . ( 10 points ) The Internet affords anonymity to its users , a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech . But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber - crime that has 1 across the Web . Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ? Last month , Howard Schmidt , the nations cyber - czar , offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place - a “ voluntary trusted identity ” system that would be the high - tech 5 of a physical key , a fingerprint and a photo ID card , all rolled 6 one . The system might use a smart identity card , or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer . and would authenticate users at a range of online services . The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems . User could 9 which system to join , and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems . The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license 10 by the government . Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these “ single sign - on ” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services . 12 . the approach would create a “ walled garden ” n cyberspace , with safe “ neighborhoods ” and bright “ streetlights ” to establish a sense of a 13 community . Mr . Schmidt described it as a “ voluntary ecosystem ” in which “ individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 , trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs ” . Still , the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activists . Some applaud the approach ; others are concerned . It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “ drives license ” mentality . The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts , who worry that the “ voluntary ecosystem ” envisioned by Mr . Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 . They argue that all Internet users