2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语（一）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term “plant neurobiology” was 1 around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be 2 to intelligence in animals. 3 plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that 4 consciousness, researchers previously reported.
But such an idea is untrue, according to a new opinion article. Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it 5 so greatly from that of animals that so-called 6 of plants’ intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.
Beginning in 2006, some scientists have 7 that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, 8“a plant nervous system, 9____ to that in animals,” said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, “They 10 claimed that plants have ‘brain-like command centers’ at their root tips.”
This 11 makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain, 12 it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals. 13 , the signaling in a plant is only 14 similar to the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than “a mass of cells that communicate by electricity,” Taiz said.
“For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold 15 of complexity and capacity is required,” he 16 . “Since plants don’t have nervous systems, the 17 that they have consciousness are effectively zero.”
And what’s so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants can’t run away from 18 , so investing energy in a body system which 19 a threat and can feel pain would be a very 20 evolutionary strategy, according to the article.
1.A.coined B.discovered C.collected D.issued
2.A.attributed B.directed C. compared D.confined
3.A.unless B.when C.once D.though
4.A.coped with B.consisted of C.hinted at D.extended
5.A.suffers B.benefits C.develops D.differs
6.A.acceptance B.evidence C.cultivation D.creation
7.A.doubted B.denied C.argued D.requested
8.A.adapting B.forming C.repairing D.testing
9.A.analogous B.essential C.suitable D.sensitive
10.A.just B.ever C.still D.even
11.A.restriction B.experiment C.perspective D.demand
12.A.attaching B.reducing C.returning D.exposing
13.A.However B.Moreover C.Therefore D.Otherwise
14.A.temporarily B.literally C.superficially D.imaginarily
15.A.list B.level C.label D.local
16.A.recalled B.agreed C.questioned D.added
17.A.chances B.risks C.excuses D.assumptions
18.A.danger B.failure C.warning D.control
19.A.represents B.includes C.reveals D.recognizes
20.A.humble B.poor C.practical D.easy
SectionⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags,
and other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics are everywhere and don’t break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle. They “weep” out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, the first artificial heart.
Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn’t always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. “It’s like baking a cake: If you don’t have exact amounts, it goes wrong,” she says. “The object you make is already a time bomb.”
And sometimes, it’s not the artist’s fault. In the 1960s, the Italian artist Picro Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright, colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen “nature carpets”—large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins, cabbages, and watermelons. He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpets—which meant they had to be durable. Unfortunately, the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable. It’s especially vulnerable to light damage, and by the mid-1990s, Gilardi’s pumpkins, roses, and other figures were spitting and crumbling. Museums locked some of them away in the dark.
So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardi’s sculptures. They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals. Van Oosten calls those chemicals “sunscreens” because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display again, albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.
Despite success stories like van Oosten’s, preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to deteriorate. Worse, biodegradable plastics designed to disintegrate, are increasingly common.
And more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Ferreira, an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology, notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human history—Stone Age, Iron Age, and so on—after examining artifacts in museums. We now live in an age of plastic, she says, “and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve...will have a strong impact on how in the future we’ll be seen.”
21.According to Paragraph 1,museums are faced with difficulties in_____. [A] maintaining their plastic items.
[B] obtaining durable plastic artifacts.
[C] handling outdated plastic exhibits.
[D] classifying their plastic collections.
22. Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are_____.
[A] immune to decay
[B] improperly shaped
[C] inherently flawed
[D] complex in structure
23.Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi’s artworks to_____.
[A] keep them from hurting visitors
[B] duplicate them for future display
[C] have their ingredients analyzed
[D] prevent them from further damage
24. The author thinks that preservation of plastics is_____.
[A] costly
[B] unworthy
[C] unpopular
[D] challenging
25.In Ferreira’s opinion, preservation of plastic artifacts_____.
[A] will inspire future scientific research
[B] has profound historical significance
[C] will help us separate the material ages
[D] has an impact on today's cultural life
Text 2
As the latest crop of students pen their undergraduate application form and weigh up their options, it may be worth considering just how the point, purpose and value of a degree has changed and what Generation Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educational journey.
Millennials were told that if you did well in school, got a decent degree, you would be set up for life. But that promise has been found wanting. As degrees became universal, they became devalued. Education was no longer a secure route of social mobility. Today, 28 per cent of graduates in the UK are in non-graduate roles, a percentage which is double the average among OECD countries.
This is not to say that there is no point in getting a degree, but rather stress that a degree is not for everyone, that the switch from classroom to lecture hall is not an inevitable one and that other options are available.
Thankfully, there are signs that this is already happening, with Generation Z seeking to learn from their millennial predecessors, even if parents and teachers tend to be still set in the degree mindset. Employers have long seen the advantages of hiring school leavers who often prove themselves to be more committed and loyal employees than graduates. Many too are seeing the advantages of scrapping a degree requirement for certain roles.
For those for whom a degree is the desired route, consider that this may well be the first of many. In this age of generalists, it pays to have specific knowledge or skills. Postgraduates now earn 40 per cent more than graduates. When more and more of us have a degree, it makes sense to have two.
2022年考研英语一真题答案(完整版)2022年考研英语一真题答案(完整版)
theterm“plantneurobiology”was1aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe2tointelligenceinanimals.3plantslackbrains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggeredresponses that4consciousness, researchers previously reported.But such an idea is untrue, according to a new opinion article.Plant biology iscomplex and fascinating, but it5so greatly from that of animals that so-called6of plants intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.Beginningin2006,somescientistshave7thatplantspossessneuron-likecells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters,8“a plant nervous system,9tothatinanimals,”saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,“They10claimedthat plants have brain-like command centers at their root tips.”This11makessenseifyou simplify the workings of acomplex brain,12it to an array of electrical pulses;cells in plants also communicate through electricalsignals.13,thesignalinginaplantisonly14similartothefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan“amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity,”Taiz said.“For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold15of complexity andcapacity is required,”he16.“Since plants dont have n
2022考研英一答案
2022 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题参考答案完形填空1.[A] coined2.[C] compared3.[D] though4.[C] hinted at5.[D] differs6.[B] evidence7.[C] argued8.[B] forming9.[A] analogous10.[D] even11.[C] perspective12.[B] reducing13.[A] However14.[C] superficially15.[B] level16.[D] added17.[A] chances18.[A] danger19.[D] recognizes20.[B] poor阅读理解Text121.[A] maintaining their plastic items22.[B] improperly shaped23.[D] prevent them from further damage24.[D] challenging25.[B] has profound historical significanceText226.[C] reassess the necessity of college education27.[B] the shrinking value of a degree28.[C] Employers are taking a realistic attitude to degrees。47.它列出了许多密码文件，这些文件是从驻扎西班牙的法国军队所缴获的，一名英国总部的军官乔治·斯科维尔的工作已经揭露其中的秘密。48.他无法认真分析，这位默默无闻的军官，是否对那场国家间的伟大斗争做出了什么贡献，也无法确切告诉我们关于他本人的任何情况。49.在拿破仑战争期间，可能有许多间谍和情报官员，但要找到他们实际提供或工作所用到的材料通常
2022年考研英语一真题答案2022年考研英语一真题答案
2022考研英语一真题答案1-5，ACDBA 6-10 CADCB 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BCADB21-25 DBCAA 26-30 CCBDB 31-35 CCBDB 36-40 CBCCC41-45 BDCAE翻译：46、艾伦的奉献在于供应了我们能分担和提醒错误性质的假设--由于我们不是机器人，因此我们能够掌握我们的抱负。47、我们可以单独通过意识维持掌握的感觉，但实际上我们始终面临着一个问题，为什么我不能完成这件事情或那件事情。48、这好像可能为必要时的无视正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人的优越感及处于后层人们的劣势感。49、环境好像是为了选择出我们的强者，而且假如我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不行能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的境况。50、正面在于我们处于这样的位置，知道全部事情都取决与我们自己，之前我们对着一系列的限制，而现在我们成了权威。51.Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1)recommend one of your favorite movies and2)give reasons for your recommendation.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use”Li Ming”instead.Do no
2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案
下载夸克，免费领特权
下载
2022年考研英语一真题答案(完整版)
PDF712KB 20页
