2021年考研英语一真题及参考答案
2021年考研英语一
Section I Use of English Directions: Read the follog te_t.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank.and mark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET 1.
(10 points)
In 1924 American National Research Council sent to engineer to supervise a series of e_periments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.
It hoped they would learn how s-floor lighting __1__
workers productivity.
Instead，the studies ended__2__
giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect” the e_tremely influential idea the very__3__to being e_perimented upon changed subjects’ behavior The idea arose because of the__4__behavior of the women in the plant.According to __5__of the e_periments their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed.
It did not __6__what was done in the e_periment.
__7__something was changed productivity rose .
A(n) __8__
that they were being e_perimented upon seemed to be __9__to alter workers＇ behavior __10__
itself After several decades，the same data were __11__to econometric the analysis Hawthorne e_periments has another surprise store 12 the descriptions on record，no systematic __13__was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting It turns
on a Sunday When work started again on Monday, output __16__
rose pared with the previous Saturday and __17__
to rise for the ne_t couple of days __18__
，a parison with data for weeks when there was no e_perimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers __19__to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case，before __20__a plateau and then slackening off.
This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down 1.[A] affected [B]achieved [C]e_tracted [D]restored 2.
[A]at [B]up [C]with [D]off 3.
[A]truth [B]sight [C]act [D]proof 4.
[A]controversial [B]perple_ing [C]mischievous [D]ambiguous 5.
[A]requirements [B]e_planations [C]accounts [D]assessments 6.
[A]conclude [B]matter [C]indicate [D]work 7.
[A]as far as [B]for fear that [C]in case that [D]so long as 8.
[A]awareness [B]e_pectation [C]sentiment [D]illusion 9.
[A]suitable [B]e_cessive [C]enough [D]abundant 10.
[A]about [B]for [C]on [D]by 11.
[A]pared [B]shown [C]subjected [D]conveyed 12.
[A]contrary to [B]consistent with [C]parallel with [D]peculiar to
13.[A]evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source 14.[A]disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading 15.[A]In contrast [B]For e_le [C]In consequence [D]As usual 16.
[A]duly [B]accidentally [C]unpredictably [D]suddenly 17.
Part A Directions：
Read the follog four te_ts.Answer the questions below each te_t by choosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Te_t 2 Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods.Amazon received one for its“one-click”online payment system Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.One inventor patented a technique for lying a bo_。
Now the nation’s patent court ears pletely ready to scale hack on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago.
In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S court of eals for the federal circuit said it would use particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.
In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big deal”， says Dermis＇D, Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law.It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents” Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, roving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.
That ruling produced an e_plosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging inter panies trying to stake out e_clusive pints to specific types of online transactions.
to the punch.
In 20__5, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them.
Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice。
The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market.
The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its state street Bank ruling。
The Federal Circuit’s action es in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme.
Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders.
Last April, for e_le the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious.
The judges on the Federal circuit are “reaction to the anti-patent trend at the supreme court” says Harole C Wegner, a par tend attorney and professor at Washington University Law School。
26.
Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of [A] their limited value to business [B] their connection with asset allocation [C] the possible restriction on their granting [D] the controversy over authorization 27.
transaction [C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit [D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S。
28.
The word “about-face”(Line 1, Paro 3)most probably means [A] loss of good will [B]increase of hostility [C]change of attitude [D] enhancement of disunity 29.We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents [A] are immune to legal challenges [B] are of ten unnecessarily issued [C] lower the esteem for patent holders [D] increase the incidence of risks 30.Which of the follog would be the subject of the te_t? [A]A looming threat to business-method patents [B]Protection for business-method patent holders [C]A legal case regarding business-method patents [D] A prevailing tread against business-method patents Te_t 3 In his book The Tipping Point Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials who are unusual informed, persuasive, or we connect.
The idea is intuitively pelling but it doesn＇t e_plain how ideas actually spread。
The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the “tow-step flow of munication“.
Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.
2021年考研英语一真题及答案汇总2021年考研英语一真题及答案汇总
2021年考研英语一真题及参考答案2021年考研英语一Section I Use of English Directions:Read the follog te_t.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank.and mark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)In 1924 American National Research Council sent to engineer to supervise a series of e_periments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how s-floor lighting _1_ workers productivity.Instead，the studies ended_2_ giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”the e_tremely influential idea the very_3_to being e_perimented upon changed subjects behavior The idea arose because of the_4_behavior of the women in the plant.According to _5_of the e_periments their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed.It did not _6_what was done in the e_periment._7_something was changed productivity rose.A(n)_8_ that they were being e_perimented upon seemed to be _9_to alter workers behavior _10_ itself After several decades，the same data were _11_to econometric the analysis Hawthorne e_periments has another surprise store 12 the descriptions on record，no systematic _13_was found that
2021年考研英语一真题及答案
Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,CorD on the ANSWERSHEET.(10 points)Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems.It _1_ in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age.But _3_ aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.One study found that muscle loss and the _4_ of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence.This suggests the _5_ that lifestyle factors might help prevent or _6_ this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that _7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period.They found that middle-aged people 9 higher measures of abdominal fat 10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years 11.For women, the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resulted from excess
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2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor Don the ANSWERSHEET.(10 points)Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory andthe ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems.It 1 inyoung adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2_ starts to slowly decline as weage.But 3 aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brainfunction may not be.One study found that muscle loss and the 4 of body fat around the abdomen areassociated with a decline in fluid intelligence.This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factorsmight help prevent or _6_ this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that _7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominalfat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and _8_ that data toreported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period.They found that middle-agedpeople 9 higher measures of abdominal fat 10 more on measures of fluid intelligence asthe years _11_.For women, the association may be 12 t
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2021年考研英语一真题及答案汇总
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