2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二） Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) It's not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, 1,to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. 2one and the others become distorted. Travel on a London bus and you'll 3 see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to 4 that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are 5 .How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists. Why? Because the target is 6 .People complained that buses were late and infrequent. 7____ , the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were 8 or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they 9 hit cyclists. If the target was changed to 10,you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more 11 drivers who obeyed traftic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time. There is another 12 : people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you 13 that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a 14 is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now ballad as a two-hour flight. The 15 of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others.Everything Can be done faster and made cheaper,but there is a17. Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences. time,money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better 1. A. therefore B. however 2. A. Emphasize B. Identify 3. A. nearly B. curiously 4. A.claim B. prove 5. A. threatened B. ignored 6. A. punctuality B. hospitality 7. A. Yet B. So 8. A. hired B. trained 9. A. only B. rather 10. A. comfort B. revenue 11. A. friendly B. quiet 12. A. purpose B. problem 13. A. interesting B. revealed 14. A. break B. trip 15. A. moral B. background 16. A.interpret B. criticize 17. A. task B. secret 18. A. leading to B. calling for 19. A. specify B. predict This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria 18critical factors such as 19 just one or even two 20 the objective. C. again D. moreover C. Assess D. Explain C. eagerly D. quickly C. check D. recall C. mocked D. blamed C. competition D. innovation C. Besides D. Still C. rewarded D. grouped C. Once D. Also C. efficiency D. security C. cautious D. diligent C. prejudice D. policy C. abmitted D. noticed C. departure D. transfer C. style D. form C. sacrifice D. tolerate C. product D. cost C.relating to D. accounting for C. restore D. create 20. A. modify B. review C. present D. achieve 参考答案： 1-5：BADCB 6-10：ABCDB 11-15：CBDBA 16-20：CDCAD Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 Reskilling is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind. We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain. Research by the WEF detailed in the Harvard Business Review, finds that on average 42 per cent of the “core skill” within job roles will change by 2022. That is a very short timeline, so we can only imagine what the changes will be further in the future. The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one. For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer demand and replace them with those whose skills are. That does not always happen. AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company who decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy ultimately retraining 18,000 employees. Prepandemic, other companies including Amazon and Disney had also pledged to create their own plans. When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy though, the focus usually turns to government to handle. Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers even at times and in regions where unemployment is high. With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeed. In February, at 3.5 per cent and 5.5 per cent respectively, unemployment rates in Canada and the United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. As of May, those rates had spiked up to 13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent, and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so. In the medical field, to take an obvious example, the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnel. Of course, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be doctor in few weeks, no matter who pays for it. But even if you cannot close that gap, maybe you can close others, and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned. That seems to be the case in Sweden, where the pandemic kick-started a retraining program where business as well as government had a role. Reskilling in this way would be challenging in a North American context. You can easily imagine a chorus of "you can’t do that" because teachers or nurses or whoever have special skills, and using any support staff who has been quickly trained is bound to end in disaster. Maybe. Or maybe it is something that can work well in Sweden, with its history of co-operation between business, labour and government, but not in North America where our history is very different. Then again, maybe it is akin to wartime, when extraordinary things take place, but it is business as usual after the fact. And yet, as in war the pandemic is teaching us that many things, including rapid reskilling, can be done if there is a will to do them. In any case, Swedens’ work force is now more skilled, in more things, and more flexible than it was before. Of course, reskilling programs, whether for pandemic needs or the postpandemic world, are expensive and at a time when everyone’s budgets are lean this may not be the time to implement them. Then again, extending income support programs to get us through the next months is expensive, too, to say nothing of the cost of having a swath of long-term unemployed in the POST-COVID years Given that, perhaps we should think hard about whether the pandemic can jump-start us to a place where reskilling becomes much more than a buzzword. 21. Research by the World Economic Forum suggests A. an increase in full-time employment B. an urgent demand for new job skills C. a steady growth of job opportunities D. a controversy about the “core skills” 22. AT&T is cited to show A. an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategy B. an immediate need for government support C. the importance of staff appraisal standards D. the characteristics of reskilling program 23. Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in Canada A. have driven up labour costs B. have proved to be inconsistent C. have met with fierce opposition D. have appeared to be insufficient 24. We can learn from Paragraph 3 that there was A. a call for policy adjustment. B. a change in hiring practices. C. a lack of medical workers. D. a sign of economic recovery. 25. Scandinavian Airlines decided to A. Great job vacancies for the unemployed. B. Prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs. C. Retrain their cabin staff for better services. D. finance their staff' s college education. Text 2 With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050, and forecasts that

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2021年考研英语二真题及答案

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